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ODD is a pattern of negativistic, hostile, and defiant behavior in a child or adolescent, lasting for at least six months,
during which four (or more) of the following are present:
1 often loses temper
2 often argues with adults
3 often actively defies or refuses to comply with adults' request or rules
4 often deliberately annoys people
5 often blames others for his or her mistakes or misbehaviors
6 is often touchy or easily annoyed
by others
7 is often angry and resentful
8 is often spiteful or vindictive
In addition, the following
additional symptoms may be present:
9 misbehaves
10 swears or uses obscene language
11 has a low opinion
of himself
IMPORTANT: Normal childhood attempts to defeat authority do NOT constitute full-blown oppositional
states. The behaviors indicated above should occur at a rate and intensity far beyond that seen in the child's peers and
should be of such magnitude that they create noticable difficulties in social, academic, and occupational functioning.
Children with this disorder show their negative and defiant behaviors by being persistently stubborn and resisting directions.
They may be unwilling to compromise, give in, or negotiate with adults. They may deliberately or persistently test limits,
ignore orders, argue, and fail to accept blame for misdeeds. Hostility is directed at adults or peers, and is shown by verbal
aggression or deliberately annoying others.
Additional problems may also be present, including:
* Learning
problems
* A depressed mood
* Hyperactivity (although attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder must be ruled
out)
* Substance abuse or dependence
* Dramatic and erratic behavior
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